Device out of Human Diet, Institution off Food Research and you can Human Diet, Farming College or university out of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Meters.); (V.B.); (A good.Z.)
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Abstract
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All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step 1. Inclusion
Products on categories of tea, java, milk products, liquid, sodas, diet drinks, energy beverages and alcohol come in a huge and you may increasing quantity of options. Assortment matches flavor needs, health criteria, and life means, whenever many different products come, it is expected to arrive at euhydration .
Products lead as much as 25%–50% away from drinking habits [2,3,4], hence they are important for meeting every single day liquid means and having euhydration. Moisture might have been associated with the repairs of typical physical and intellectual attributes .
not, this has been debated you to beverages lead rather toward expanding being obese costs around the world [six,7], simply because of its opportunity blogs [8,9,10]. In some degree, Sugar Sweetened Products (SSB) practices could have been of the gaining weight in children and you can people , if you are evidence you to decreasing SSBs commonly reduce steadily the risk of carrying excess fat and you can associated problems such as for example diabetes might have been viewed as powerful . Energy intake regarding drinks has grown drastically over the past 40 years by the as much as 222 unhealthy calories each individual everyday .
Still, products on the various categories don’t lead similarly so you can energy consumption . The energy posts of your own take in along with consumption models may suggest or even, i.e., some caloric drinks tends to be ate rarely thus adding little or no so you can daily times intake. It has been debated one replacement sweetened caloric beverages that have drinking water might help cure full opportunity intake for the obese consumers . Nonetheless, use of sweetened caloric drinks is actually an elaborate question that be looked at beyond the caloric sum plus in this new framework off dieting models .
Also, at exactly the same time so you can dining application, certain factors eg seasonality, physical activity membership and you may sex make a difference to the fresh assortment for the take in alternatives and you can contribution to complete times consumption. These types of situations haven’t been totally examined; then training in this area tend to elucidate the modern matter-of opportunity consumption out of weightloss supply and you can away from products particularly.
When you look at the a previous studies held into the Greece, with the Water Equilibrium Survey (WBQ) device, we learned that inside 984 grownups, 24% of drinking habits is inspired by beverages . You will find a keen unequivocal need then tricky during these conclusions, elucidating the brand new contribution away from beverages so you can total energy consumption and you can balance.
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